Definition of Infertility
Traditionally, infertility has been defined as the inability to conceive for more than two years in spite of sexually active. If however the women is more than 35 yrs old, then the duration is reduced to 1 years as advancing age diminishes the chances of pregnancy.
Although the traditional definition is 2 years, many feel that investigations should be started after I year.
1 year => 50% couple conceive
1 ¼ year => 25% couple conceive
1 ½ year => 5-10% couple conceive
Male infertility
Male factor accounts for more than 30% of infertility . A through and systematic checkup of the male partner is essential before an expensive investigation and treatment of the female partner.
Causes of Infertility
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY
Criteria Recommendation analysis of SEM
Emission abstinence => >2 and <7 days
No of samples to be analyzed => 2( >7 days and < 3 months apart)
Method of collection => Masturbation
Container => Wide mouthed glass or
Temperature => Room temperature to 370C
Time of analysis => Within one hour of collection plastic never in condom
Normal sperm variables
Parameter Value
Volume >=2.0 ml
PH 7.2 -7.8
Sperm concentration >=20 x 10 6 Sperm /ml
Total sperm count >=40 x 10 6 Sperm
Motility >= 50% with forward progression
Morphology >=50% normal forms
Viability >=50% live forms
White blood cells <1 x 10 6 / ml
Immunobead test <10% sperm with adherent beads
Abnormal sperm variables
Nomenclature Variable
Azoospermia Absence of sperm in ejaculate
Oligozoospermia Reduced sperm count
Asthenozoospermia Reduced sperm motility
Teratozoospermia Reduced normal forms
Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia Reduced sperm count, motility & normal forms
Normozoospermia Normal sperm parameters
SEPRATION OF SPERMATOZOA
The Production of male child depend on male not the female. This due to Y chromosome .
X + X =FEMALE
Y + X =MALE