CONTRACEPTION & FAMILY PLANNING

Family planning -: is not synonymous with birth control; it is more than mere birth control. A WHO Expert Committee ( 1970) has stated that family planning included

The proper spacing and limitation of birth.
Advice on sterility,
Education for parenthood.
Sex education
Screening for pathological conditions related to the reproductive system.
Genetic counseling.
Premarital consultation and examination,
Carrying out pregnancy tests
Marriage counselling .
The preparation of couples for the arrival of their first child.
Providing services for unmarried mothers
Teaching home economics and nutrition and
Providing adoption service.

These activities vary from country to country according to national objectives and policies with regard to family planning . This is the modern concept of family planning.

CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS

TEMPORARY METHODS

Behavioral
- Abstinence
- Coitus interruptus
- Safe period
Chemical
- Foam tablet
- Jellies and pastes
Mechanical
- Condom
- Diaphragm and cervical caps
- IUCDs
Combined
- Mechanical and Chemical
Physiological (oral)
- Combined pill
- Sequential pill
- Micro-pill
- Slow release combinations
Surgical
- Abortion
- Permanent
  1. Vasectomy
  2. Tubectomy
    1. Laproscopic
    2. Abdominal

Abstinence :- Sound in theory but difficult to practice . We will cause temperamental changes and mental break down.

Coitus interrupts :- It is widely practice . The pre coital secretion contains the spermatozoa can cause pregnancy . Even a drop or a single spermatozoa is sufficient to cause pregnancy the common complication is pelvic congestion . Pregnancy rate very high.

Safe Period

The weak before and after menses in known as safe period .
Ovulation occur at mid cycle.
The life of ovum is 2 days.
Life of spermatozo is 3 days in vagina
This method only program sex.
Not useful in post natal
Where the menses is irregular .

Foam Tablet

It is partly provide the physical barrier partial as spermicital . The foam tablet is placed deep in vagina 5 to 10 minutes before intercourse.

Advantage

Cheap
Harmless
Easy to use
Compared with condom
Result are more than 90%.

Disadvantage

Will not dissolve properly when the vagina is dry.
Can cause vaginitis on long use.
It left open the tablet is spoiled
It is introduced in vagina before intercourse deep with help of applicator .
They are spermicidal in nature the results are better it used with condom.

Condom

They are made of synthetic rubber or latex have spermidal liquid .

Advantage

Easy
Cheap
Reliable
Harm less
Protect against pregnancy & STD
Gives greater protection when combined with spermidal
No side effect.
The failure rate is 10-15%.

Diaphragm and cervical cap

Diaphram :-

It is synthetic rubber or plastic it is mechanical devise which protect the spermatozoa to enter in cervical canal it is inserted as deep in vagina as much as possible so that no gap in rim of diaphragm and vagina drop with spermical wash or jelly felted before I/C.

Advantage :- it is cheap.

Disadvantage :- Failure rate 10-15 %. It is to be fit by doctor or nurse .